In addition to this ability to realize vibrational resonance in objects, we have found that the sweet and harmonious sound of Crystal Resonator has the power to help balance your own energy field as well as aligning the energies of any room or space that you are in. We have found the Crystal Resonator tuning fork to be remarkably effective at vibrating the crystalline structure of quartz as well as the crystalline structure in all objects (including the human body). The original frequencies that inspired this tuning fork came from acoustic scientist John Worrell Keely, a man who was the sonic counterpart of the electrical genius Nikolai Tesla. While quartz crystals are affected by all sound, they are particularly aligned with the energies of this tuning fork due to the fact that the Crystal Resonator is tuned to a lower octave sub-harmonic of the actual frequency of quartz crystal. "The Crystal Resonator is a very special precision tuning fork which represents a new development with regard to sound and crystalline structure. We provide safe storage and great care when handling them. It can happen during packing by the manufacturer, or during shipping and handling. The fork isn’t damaged, nor is the tuning off. Because of this softness, you might find the occasional small mark or scratch. Note: These tuning forks are made of aluminum, which is a soft metal, great for harmonics and sound healing. Therapists, healers, and energy workers frequently use them to calm and balance clients before or after sessions.This listing includes the tuning fork and an instructional sheet. They can produce the most remarkable experiences. Use them on yourself, on friends, and clients. The Pythagorean Tuning Forks are extraordinary tools for vibrational activation. The Pythagorean Tuning Forks are easy to use and powerful to experience! Utilized by numerous cultures, including the ancient Greek, Indian, and Chinese traditions, this ratio brings balance and harmony to listeners. The sacred ratio of the Perfect Fifth is favored throughout the world for healing. For many, listening to them will help initiate an enhanced state of mindfulness and meditation. The sound of the Pythagorean Tuning Forks aligns our nervous system and synchronizes our brain hemispheres. Their harmonic frequencies will bring you to a deep state of relaxation within 30 seconds. The Pythagorean Tuning Forks create calmness and tranquility. For millennia, it has been known to calm and balance our body, brain and spirit and elevate our consciousness. Known as the “perfect fifth”, this sacred ratio was first discovered by the ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras. These two tuning forks manifest a sacred ratio which creates the most powerful sonic energy of any tuning fork combination. "Our bodies are like musical instruments that can be tuned with sound. This listing includes two tuning forks in a velvet pouch, an instructional sheet, and an activator disc.
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Of course, like with all skilled services, nothing is as simple as it seems, and if you were to look behind the scenes you would quickly discover that there is a tremendous difference between the work of an average Realtor and a great one. They are typically bound by contract to protect your interest within the confines of the law, and at a fundamental level, make sure the transaction goes smoothly. They usually either represent the buyer or the seller, but in some special circumstances they can represent both. Regardless of if you want to do the work of selecting an agent yourself or have take care of it for you, you'll get the right agent.Ī Realtor is a contractor who helps you buy or sell real estate. We have already analyzed all the data and tracked the performance of every agent we match to ensure they’re the right agent for you. You can also take our agent matching quiz to skip this process. This is why you should read the profiles, look at the various scores, as well as the reviews of many agents before making your choice and contacting them. There is a lot at stake and it's crucial to work with the right professionals. But not all agents are the same, and a lower ranked agent may indeed be the best choice for you. The rankings on are a good guideline when you're comparing the agents in aggregate. The location of the transaction can be seen in each review as well.Property type can be seen in each review.Recommend Ratio tells you what percentage of their past clients would recommend them.Knowledgeability, professionalism, responsiveness, usefulness of website, value of service, reach & lead generation, and home preparation and staging advice all have overall averages for each agent with ratings.Personality can be seen in the agent's responses to their reviews.Here’s a list of criteria you can research on : Selling or leasing commercial property requires different experience than residential real estate.īefore you contact an agent, ask yourself: "What is most important to me?" But a lower ranked agent with a team of people might be a better fit for your diverse set of needs. The top ranked agent in Toronto may be able to help you. You may need an agent who has fewer clients who can dedicate more of their time to you.ĭo you need to list your condo and travel to a different country right away? You may need someone who is experienced with that sort of thing so that you don't end up making unwanted trips back and forth. They may not even take you on as a client. If that's the case, the top ranked agent may not be the best choice for you, as they will likely be quite busy with many clients and only have limited time to give you. It depends.Īre you looking for something very particular and you have ample time to make your move? Then you'll need a lot of time and attention from your agent, and it will be a long process. A typical misconception is to assume that the same agents are right for everyone, and that the highest ranked Toronto Realtor on is the best choice for you. Finding the right agent for you is all about knowing what you're looking for. Even if there may be a small learning curve, it is still a fantastic tool for working with tons of data. Unzip it Now go to the Google Chrome extension section and enable developer mood. With this plan, you only pay 0.15 per valid email. The best thing about this tool is that Wiza has a forever-free, pay as you go plan, unlike others on the list. Download the x2 emails Google toolkit version 6 from top of the dashboard. Wiza is a LinkedIn email finder and extractor that allows you to turn any LinkedIn Sales Navigator search into verified emails for outreach. As if, the extension does not dispute your task. Other features include local storage, offline support, and an export option to save extracted email addresses to a text file. If you want to use the Google email scraper Chrome extension for extracting data from facebook. In conclusion, the Email Extractor extension offers a variety of uses for extracting email addresses from Ajax pages, cloaked emails, local HTML documents, and text files. Overall, it's still a solid companion when working across large datasets. So before firing it up for an official task, be sure to do some test runs first so you can get a grasp of how it works to make your upcoming tasks a breeze. However efficient these features may be, this extension has a bit of a learning curve to use. Run email verification on your mailing list or pull emails from text. Use our Chrome extension to extract any LinkedIn search and pull emails of any person. Free email verifier and email extractor tool. All in all, it's a great tool to make tasks less daunting. Klean Leads is an online email scraper & email address finder. Note that the plugin should not be used for spamming purposes. Other features include local storage, an export option to save extracted email addresses to a text file, and offline support. The plugin also has the ability to extract email addresses from Ajax pages, cloaked emails, local HTML documents, and text files. It also removes duplicate email addresses collected to reduce the hassle. Thanks to a comment made about this tool. Automation is another feature that enables users to discover all email addresses ending with a specific domain name. Pressing the Extract Emails button will scrape the page and put all the email addresses found into a new window. The Email Extractor extension also offers integration with AutoVisit and AutoSave, allowing users to build a queue of up to 1,000 URLs to visit and store all the email IDs found in the cloud. Hunters Chrome extension lets you immediately find the email addresses behind the websites youre browsing. Jacobs had no real problems with the mask, stating that breathing, surprisingly, wasn’t an issue. Then, of course, there was the mask.ĭesigned by an S&M company and crafted from hard leather, Kane’s mask echoed the red and black flame design of his suit, and a discolored contact lens in his right eye was the final detail in creating a face of a monster. In addition, he had a black flame design upon his chest and going down his right leg and stitching on the other leg, which emphasized his uncovered left side, giving the illusion that this was the only part of his body left unscathed by his fiery origin. Partially inspired by horror movie characters such as Halloween’s Michael Myers, Kane was covered up almost entirely by a red bodysuit, albeit one bare, ungloved arm. Kane debuts at WWF Bad Blood 1997 alongside Paul Bearer. Originally planned as a "one and done," the gimmick enraptured fans many of that was down to his look. He famously ripped off the structure’s door and tombstoned his brother, making WWE history and getting Kane over as a top guy within five minutes of the character first walking through the curtain. Those questions were answered at Bad Blood 1997, when Kane took center stage for the first time, making his way to the ring during Taker’s bout against Shawn Michaels during the inaugural Hell In A Cell. What would this monster look like if he even existed at all? It was this mystery and expectation that made his debut all the more impactful. As audiences came to learn, Kane was a pyromaniac who suffered horrific burns and scars both mentally and physically at the hands of his adolescent sibling, The Undertaker. Phil, Kane was coming for The Phenom.īefore his pyro ignited his entrance for the very first time, Kane benefited from the reputation that preceded him. Not content with settling this family feud in the court of law or on an episode of Dr. However, despite characters such as Mike Unabomb, Issac Yankem DDS, and Fake Diesel never genuinely getting over with the fans, Jacobs’ size and in-ring ability would keep his foot in the door until the Undertaker needed a new opponent.īefore his debut, Kane received months of build-up from Paul Bearer, alluding that the Undertaker had killed his own family in a fire, but his brother survived. Glenn Jacobs has had his fair share of failed gimmicks in his first two years wrestling for WWE. So, let’s look back at the future WWE Hall of Famer’s various iconic looks throughout the years while we detect the multiple changes and why they came to be. However, now that his real-life alter-ego Glenn Jacobs has been elected as Mayor of Knoxville, it appears his illustrious career inside the ring may be coming to an end, at least on a full-time basis. Since 1997, Kane has played a significant role in the WWE. Kane – Through Fire, Brimstone, and Different Attires! The Devil’s Favorite Demon has undergone more costume changes throughout his time than a Lady Gaga concert, some subtle, some drastic, some for better, and some for worse! A masked Kane debuts with Paul Bearer by his side. One of the secrets to any wrestler’s longevity is to have the ability to evolve, and Kane is no exception to that rule. availability Pricing that works for you 1-800-PACK-RAT offers competitive. That means more availability for you, and more control when it comes to scheduling. Self Storage Moving Supplies U-Box Containers Trailer Hitches Propane Moving. We also have 230 secure Storage Centers nationwide. Compared to 1-800-PACK-RAT, PODS offers the largest fleet and biggest network, with twice the locations and 3X the containers as 1-800-PACK-RAT. LIMITED SERVICE AREA AND CONTAINER AVAILABILITYĪ portable moving and storage company isn’t much good to you if it doesn’t have the containers you need when you need them, can’t deliver them to your new home, or doesn’t have a storage facility nearby. We also offer unmatched flexibility, so we can easily change service dates and locations if your situation changes unexpectedly. Zippy Shell Reviews Is Zippy Shell the Right Moving Container for You Methodology Show less Zippy Shell at a Glance Zippy Shell has provided portable moving containers since 2007 when the. Self Storage Moving Supplies U-Box Containers Trailer Hitches Propane. However, the fee is refundable if you leave a review for the moving crew you use within 60 days of. Whether it's a long-distance move or local move, or a project that requires on-site storage or indoor storage at one of our storage unit facilities, we put you in control. 43 reviews of U-Haul - Milwaukie Really helpful in facilitating any kind of move. So you tell us when to drop off, pick up and deliver your container. We work according to your schedule, instead of the other way around. 1-800-PACK-RAT provides both storage and moving services. 1-800-PACK-RAT is one of the most popular moving container companies in the U.S. So be sure to read the fine print and understand exactly what you’re paying for. There are certain things you should keep your eyes open for if you’re considering a 1-800-PACK-RAT storage container. COMPETITIVE PRICING FOR MOVING AND STORAGE He first sent a large army to defeat Dracula, but it was destroyed. The Pope during the time of Dracula's war on humanity tried to deal with the Count. This would simply mean the confusion is a case of semantics: rather than Trevor and Sypha being contacted by the Pope of the Eastern Orthodox Church, which would be erroneous en lieu of the nature of Eastern Orthodoxy, they were probably contacted by the Pope through/via the Eastern Orthodox Church. Indeed, the Romanian Orthodox Church became the Romanian Catholic Orthodox centuries later. Considering Wallachia was a tributary of the Ottoman Empire at the time, it would be reasonable to assume the Orthodox Church in Romania at some point weighed in on realigning itself with the Pope. In regards to the papacy within the Eastern Orthodox Church, it is worth noting Pope Sixtus IV made efforts to bridge the schism between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches, likely as an effort to increase Catholic influence in Ottoman territory. Pope Sixtus IV ardently opposed the Ottoman Turks by ordering a failed Crusade. On a darker note, the Pope issued the Exigit Sinceras Devotionis Affectus, establishing the Spanish Inquisition as it is remembered today, but was unable to rein in the rampant torturing. Pope Sixtus IV was notable for sanctioning the Sistine Chapel and ushering in the Italian Renaissance. Very likely the Pope mentioned in Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse was Pope Sixtus IV, who reigned from 1471 to 1484, putting Trevor Belmont's adventures well within Sixtus IV's papacy. It is possible that the Pope was also the head of the Orthodox Church in Castlevania lore or that there was a separate "Pope" for the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches, although the latter is unlikely since the Orthodox Church does not believe in the infallibility of a Pope. The differences between the Catholic Church and Greek Orthodox Church have been blurred in Castlevania mythos. If brutal and grinding death metal appeals to you, I urge you to check this one out by contacting the band or Comatose Music.The Pope was the head of the Church. I will keep an eye on Strappado in anticipation for future releases to see how they improve upon this release. This CD will still have you banging your head in appreciation for what the genre represents, and that appreciation should extend to the band for their effort. Despite the lack of originality on this release, I still respect the band for what they have done here. This CD has the foundation that Strappado can build upon to improve future material. This is a good and brutal release which is sure to attract its share of death metal fanatics. All I am saying is that I don’t think this is an example of the band’s full potential. Now, I want to make clear that I am not saying this is a bad release. Brutality through simplicity just does not work here. They have such a similar sound but, in listening to them, you can tell they are capable of so much more and have the talent to take their music to a higher level. Strappado remind me of bands like Bizarre Embalming, Bound and Gagged, Lust Of Decay and other bands like these. I suppose I was expecting a little more when hearing this CD for the first time. I don’t say this to discredit the band’s talent because it’s obviously there. Furthermore, it didn’t sound like the band was trying to be unique or even develop their own sound. To me the style here is one that I’ve heard a hundred times before. As for the music, the riffs leaned more towards traditional death metal than anything else. The vocals were nice and brutal but, in my opinion, it would have added a certain intensity to the material if the enunciation of the lyrics was a bit clearer. However, it is impossible to follow along with the lyrics which was a little annoying. I rarely speak on the vocals first but, immediately, I was taken back to the days of Suffocation’s “Effigy Of The Forgotten” which is a plus. Strappado’s “Exigit Sincerae Devotionis Affectus” is a ten-track journey into the depths and dredges of grinding and brutal death metal. You should also get a larger top mount intercooler. The Subaru WRX has been known to respond very well to ECU remapping it transforms the car into a whole new car in terms of driving dynamics. When it comes to performance mods, one of the first things that you need to consider doing is getting the car’s ECU remapped. With the right front lip/rear diffuser/side skirts combination, you are sure to make your 1992 – 2000 WRX look absolutely stunning. In terms of mods, the Subaru Impreza WRX takes to body kits like it was always meant to have them. Its turbocharged 4-cylinder engine, sport-tuned suspension, all-wheel-drive system, and rally-inspired chassis give it an edge over most other similar cars. It is renowned for its outstanding success in the World Rally Championship, and it also performs well in most street-racing competitions. Its first generation (1992 - 2000) offers an excellent base for tuning. The Subaru Impreza WRX sedan/hatchback is one of the most popular tuner car options in Australia. The Honda Integra DC5 is also capable of handling a low-boost supercharger, but it may have to come with a corresponding ECU remap, a more aggressive suspension setup, and a limited slip differential. In so doing, they improve the engine’s output. Stroker kits increase the displacement of the engine by increasing piston travel. If you want more significant power gains, you can opt to install a stroker kit. Other mods that would make a noticeable difference are an ECU remap, along with suspension, brake, exhaust, induction kit, and gearbox mods. If you will be tuning a base non-performance Integra DC5, it makes sense to mod it with Type R parts, and then go from there. The performance-enhanced Type R models feature a 220-hp version of this engine that delivers 0-100 km/h acceleration times of less than seven seconds, so they make an excellent base for tuning. Most Honda Integra DC5 models are powered by a 2.0-liter 4-cylinder petrol engine. It is available both as a 4-door sedan and as a 2-door coupe, but the coupe is most prevalent in Australia. The Honda Integra DC5 is a high-quality, front-wheel-drive, transverse front-engine compact car that is also renowned for its inspiring handling and performance. In terms of aesthetic mods, the 1990 – 1997 Mazda MX-5 would look much better with an RS Style body kit. Both the 1.6 and 1.8-liter engine options are robust enough to handle a turbocharger. If you want to take it further, you can install a turbocharger. Other popular mods for this car are cold air intakes, aftermarket exhaust systems, and stickier tires with lighter wheels. Since the MX-5 already has really good handling, most people prefer not to touch the suspension, but good quality aftermarket sway bars can help to eliminate body roll. You can opt for the first generation models (1990-1997) as they are the cheapest. The Mazda MX-5 is also durable, and all of its models offer great performance potential. The MX-5 adds a lightweight body and a peppy 1.6/1.8-liter 4-cylinder petrol engine to that mix the result is a swift, nimble sports car that promises thrilling driving experiences. It employs a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive body layout, thanks to which it boasts near 50/50 weight distribution. The Mazda MX-5 is regarded as one of the most fun-to-drive 2-seater roadsters on the market. You can do this with the help of a free-flow panel filter, a cold-air intake, and/or a cat-back exhaust system. One of the easiest ways to do that is to enable the engine to breathe better. In addition, once you get a taste of the power that this car offers, you will soon want more. In terms of modding, you would not go wrong with a front lip mod, because it makes the rather tame front fascia of this car look even more aggressive. Thanks to its fame and its incredible performance, this car enjoys extraordinary aftermarket support. The 276-hp turbocharged variants are said to be capable of spiriting from zero to 100 km/h in less than 5 seconds. The Supra employs a longitudinal front-engine, rear-wheel-drive body layout, and is powered by a naturally aspirated, or turbocharged, 3.0-liter inline 6-cylinder engine. It’s a street-legal road-racing car that delivers outstanding performance. The Toyota Supra is an iconic 2-door, 2+2 fastback coupe that quickly became famous when it starred in the first The Fast and the Furious movie. Here is a list of some of the cheapest tuner cars to build in Australia: Toyota Supra There is nothing as satisfying as seeing your fast car ‘creation’ come to life, and the best part about is that it doesn’t have to cost you an arm and a leg. This article is for those radical car enthusiasts and gearheads who, instead, want to buy a car and make it really fast, and, more specifically, those who are on a budget. If your intention is to buy a fast car, this is not for you. You could begin to hear the church bells toll across the plains and through the villages of France and Belgium and Luxemburg. You could begin to hear the birds sing once again. There are thoughts that, on that treasured moment a hundred years ago, that on that eleventh day of the eleventh hour in that eleventh month, that the roar of the cannons subsided. One thought about World War I is that it is often called the “War to end all wars” – that was wishful thinking one hundred years ago because you and I look at the world that we’re in today. The weapons had changed and civilization was not ready for the weapons that had come their way. The bottom line is simply this: Human nature had not changed. That all came to naught on the plains and on the bloody fields, the muddy fields, of Belgium and France, when men recognized that after all that time that men had not really progressed. Certainly those were things that would occur in the seventeenth century, or the sixteenth century, or back in the Roman Empire. And there was this optimism, there was this feeling that man was moving forward, that there was a progress, that man was moving further and further and further away from the thoughts of days of yore of being a cave man, and pillaging one another, punishing one another, killing one another. That may be a term that some of you might not be familiar with, but knowing that Darwin had been sixty to seventy years before that, that it had crept from the thought regarding the beginnings of the earth to man itself in history. One thing about World War I is that it forever obliterated the optimism of Social Darwinism. It was the undoing of kingdoms, whether it be the Ottoman Empire, whether it be the Persian Empire, whether it be the Hapsburg, and basically the British Empire would be on basically fumes for another twenty or thirty years before itself changed. World War I was unique in that it was a passing chapter in history – it was the undoing of empires. And we live with those consequences down to this day and to this age, that we see that happening even right now while we are here safe and warm and comfortable, do recognize some of the issues and the events that are occurring over in the Middle east right now, which are, to a large part, go all the way back to the results and the conclusion, and some of the activities that happened after World War I. One hundred years ago, in a remote corner of Europe, one man shot another man and history has never quite been the same since. I do have a message that I do want to bring to you this afternoon, one that will deal with history, one that will deal with the Bible, and one that will deal with you. We think of you and we know that you also think of us as well. I have something that I want to bring to you and I’d probably also be remiss if I did not bring greetings first of all from all of our congregations in Southern California. It is mockery for disobedient lips to utter such a prayer.I’d like to move right into the message. He, in effect, prays the prayer of Gethsemane, "Not my will, but thine, be done" (Lu 22:42). None can pray thus who have not merged their own wills into the divine will. For this coming we may now pray, and the prayer is answered in part by each success of the gospel. It did speedily come, but in its fullness, and in its final triumph over evil, it has not yet come. The Messiah's kingdom had not yet come, but was proclaimed by the Lord as at hand. Thy will be done on earth, as it is in heaven - May all the inhabitants of the earth do thy will as willingly as the holy angels: may these do it continually even as they, without any interruption of their willing service yea, and perfectly as they: mayest thou, O Spirit of grace, through the blood of the everlasting covenant, make them perfect in every good work to do thy will, and work in them all that is well pleasing in thy sight. 6:10 Thy kingdom come - May thy kingdom of grace come quickly, and swallow up all the kingdoms of the earth: may all mankind, receiving thee, O Christ, for their king, truly believing in thy name, be filled with righteousness, and peace, and joy with holiness and happiness, till they are removed hence into thy kingdom of glory, to reign with thee for ever and ever. This helps to prevent the dip from getting "wet" while refrigerated. Heat a large skillet over medium-high heat. TIP: I slice the toppings like tomatoes and olives on a layer of paper towels so that the juices get soaked up, and then transfer the toppings to the dish after they have had a chance to drain.Serve with tortilla chips, pita chips or even sliced vegetables for dipping.If serving cold, top with layers of remaining toppings, cover and refrigerate until ready to serve, Allowing it to chill for at least 30 minutes will help to meld the flavors.Personally, our family likes it cold, and it's easier to serve cold for parties. In large skillet, brown ground beef over medium-high heat until thoroughly cooked, stirring occasionally drain. Seven-layer dip Refried beans (originally commercial jalapeo bean dip) Guacamole (originally mashed seasoned avocados) Sour cream (originally a mixture of. Serve the toppings in small dishes on the side. Carefully spread the sour cream over the avocado layer. Mix in the lime juice, garlic, cilantro, onion powder, salt, and cayenne. Spread the mixture in a 7 x 11-inch casserole dish. At this point, you can bake the dip at 350 for about 20 minutes or until bubbly. Combine the refried beans, Rotel tomatoes, and taco seasoning. Sprinkle the two shredded cheeses evenly over the top of dish. Shredded cheese is added directly to the top of the warm beans so it melts from the heat of the beans.Pour sour cream mixture on top of beans in baking dish and spread evenly. In a 9 x 13 pan, layer refried beans, then sour cream, then seasoned black beans, then corn salsa, then ground turkey, then cheese. If you like it spicier, you can also had a few drops of hot sauce at this point and stir well. In the now empty bowl, mix softened cream cheese and sour cream until smooth. Cover and chill for at least 4 hours up to 24 hours before serving. Then, carefully spread cottage cheese on top of bean mixture in pie plate. Place cottage cheese in the blender container or food processor bowl. In a large bowl, mix refried beans and taco seasoning, then spoon into a 13x9 baking dish. Wash blender container or food processor bowl. Both have two oxygen atoms attached with double covalent bonds. Take a look at sulfur dioxide (SO 2) and carbon dioxide (CO 2). Both are attached to two groups, so it depends on how many non-bonding pairs the central atom has. Some elements will have a bent shape, others have a linear shape. No non-bonding pairs causes sp hybridization, leading to a linear shape. The two remaining p orbitals sit above and to the side of the beryllium atom (they are empty). This time, one 2s and one 2p orbital combine to form two sp hybrid orbitals. An example is beryllium chloride, which has two chlorine atoms situated on opposite sides of a beryllium atom. These repel each other at cos -1(-1) = 180°, forming a linear molecule. The remaining p orbital is empty and sits above and below the plane of the molecule.īeryllium, on the other hand, forms only two pairs of valence electrons. A different set of hybrid orbitals is formed in this molecule: the 2s and two 2p orbitals combine to form three sp 2 hybrid orbitals. Each fluorine atom is separated by cos -1(-1/2) = 120°. In boron trifluoride (BF 3), there are only three electron pairs which repel each other to form a flat plane. This occurs in electron deficient atoms such as boron and beryllium, which don't conform to the octet rule (they can have 6 and 4 valence electrons respectively). In some molecules, there are less than four pairs of valence electrons. Linear and Planar Shapes Electron-Poor Atoms The two lone pairs both push the bonds closer together, giving a smaller angle than in ammonia. The angle between the hydrogen atoms is 104.5°, which is what we expect from our model. The electron pairs repel each other into a tetrahedral shape. In water (H 2O) there are two hydrogen atoms and two lone pairs, again making four groups in total. Testing this assumption with water provides further evidence. The lone pair occupies more space than a bonding pair, decreasing the angles. It is trigonal pyramidal because it is attached to four "things": the three hydrogens and a non-bonding pair of electrons (to fulfill nitrogen's octet). Ammonia (NH 3) is not trigonal planar, however. For example, methane (CH 4) is tetrahedral-shaped because the carbon is attached to four hydrogens. The number of groups is how many atoms or electron pairs are bonded to the central atom. Those "things" can be other atoms or non-bonding pairs of electrons. The hybridization is determined by how many "things" are attached to the central atom. Table of Geometries Orbital Hybridization Modern methods of quantitatively calculating the most stable (lowest energy) shapes of molecules can take several hours of supercomputer time, and is the domain of computational chemistry. This can allow us to predict the geometry of similar molecules, making it a fairly useful model. The VSEPR model is by no means a perfect model of molecular shape! It is simply a system which explains the known shapes of molecular geometry as discovered by experiment. Wikipedia has related information at VSEPR Within this model, the AXE method is used in determining molecular geometry by counting the numbers of electrons and bonds related to the center atom(s) of the molecule. A scientific model, called the VSEPR (valence shell electron pair repulsion) model can be used to qualitatively predict the shapes of molecules. There are several different methods of determining molecular geometry. This repulsion causes covalent molecules to have distinctive shapes, known as the molecule's molecular geometry. Being mutually negatively charged, the electron pairs repel the other electron pairs and attempt to move as far apart as possible in order to stabilize the molecule. Covalent molecules are bonded to other atoms by electron pairs. |
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